Financial advice to manage a portfolio of 1,000,000 Essay

Money related guidance to deal with an arrangement of 1,000,000 - Essay Example This would preclude any counsel that may include purchasing theoretical offers on the stock trade. I would recommend that the bearing we have to take for this situation is a preservationist approach, with the expectation of shield the capital contributed while simultaneously, if conceivable, making a little pay to enhance. The other region we have to hold up under as a top priority is that you may likewise need to have sensibly brisk access to the funding to either enhance the expenses of your stay here, or for some other inevitably that may manifest that can't be met from your current pay sources. What we would recommend in this case is that between 20 †25% of the assets ought to be put into a money circumstance, for example, a structure society, restricted term security with the capacity to pull back the assets moderately rapidly if important. This will pull in intrigue. The parity of the assets ought to be put into groups, however it is important to guarantee that these are what we call safe, as opposed to garbage bonds. Garbage securities are those given by associations that the market considers to be suspicious in nature. While the arrival is higher, so is the hazard. I need to make reference to here that all ventures which are connected somehow or another to organization stocks and offers, even the bonds suggested, can diminish in an incentive just as increment, despite the fact that bonds esteems truly don't differ as much as offers. Its must likewise be recalled that there could be a duty suggestion, surely on any premium earned, except if one has contributed through a TESSA or ISA. Likewise one needs to considered the chance of capital additions charge, which comes into power should the increase surpass a given sum. Single guardians have some one of a kind circumstances with regards to their venture portfolio. You have to make four arrangements. One would be for the future, your retirement. The subsequent arrangement is to give money

Critical Theory Today - Critical Analysis Paper Research

Basic Theory Today - Critical Analysis - Research Paper Example Thus every individual has a distinction story to advise particularly in the event that we have a place with various gatherings. The motivation behind why bunch enrollment is imperative to Delgado is on the grounds that basically two sorts of gatherings exist, the In-Group and the Out-Group. The In-bunch is inexactly characterized as standard society however more critically, the in-bunch is the gathering in power and the gathering that manages everything. Therefore, the out-bunch is the gathering that is minimized from standard society just as the gathering that faces the brunt of social segregation and is frequently liable to examples of social authority and mistreatment (Crenshaw et al.). Delgado’s take a shot at the Homo-Narran was an enormous accomplishment for basic race scholar as well as postmodernist too. He characterized how people follow up on others. While postmodernist such a Foucault accepts, that we follow up on philosophies, Delgado characterized where belief sys tems create and subsequently how we deconstruct them (Crenshaw et al.). This kind of social separation is found in present day America today, as the media depicts the limits of the in-bunch through its romanticizing of â€Å"what is cool†. This implies people who do fit the rules of cool are minimized and pushed to the limits of the social circle. To sum up the primary ideas or Critical race hypothesis, there are three principle qualities. Initially, that prejudice is conventional, not aberrational (â€Å"normal science†), the typical way society works, the incessant, regular experience of a great many people of shading (Crenshaw et al.). Second, most would agree that our arrangement of white-over-shading authority fills significant needs, both mental and material. The main element, normality, implies that bigotry is hard to fix or review. Partially blind, or â€Å"formal†, originations of correspondence, communicated in decides that demand just on treatment tha t is the equivalent no matter how you look at it would thus be able to cure just the most outright types of segregation, for example, contract redlining or the refusal to enlist a dark Ph.D. as opposed to a white secondary school dropout (Crenshaw et al.). The subsequent element, now and then called â€Å"interest convergence† or â€Å"material determinism†, includes a further measurement. Since bigotry progresses the interests of both white elites and common laborers individuals, huge sections of society have minimal impetus to destroy it. Consider Derrick Bell’s recommendation that Brown v. Leading body of Education, thought about an extraordinary triumph of social liberties prosecution, may have come about additional from the personal responsibility of world class whites than a craving to help blacks (Crenshaw et al.). In conclusion, the third topic of basic race hypothesis, the â€Å"social construction† proposition, holds that race and races are resu lts of social idea and relations. Not objective, intrinsic, or fixed, they compare to no organic or hereditary reality; rather, races are classifications that society imagines, controls, or resigns when helpful. Individuals with regular starting points share certain physical characteristics,

Cut the Coupons How to Save Money on Groceries Without Them

Cut the Coupons How to Save Money on Groceries Without Them Cut the Coupons: How to Save Money on Groceries Without Them Cut the Coupons: How to Save Money on Groceries Without ThemFeeding your family doesn’t have to cost an arm and a leg; here are money-saving tips to help keep your budget in the black.Grocery stores are colorful and distracting places, and unless you are someone who splurges on grocery delivery services, they are impossible to avoid.   Yet for some families, trips to the grocery store can cut into a large chunk of the monthly budget.If coupon cutting isn’t your thing, there are plenty of ways you can keep your family, pantry, and fridge full even without a file folder full of tiny slips of paper. Below are several savvy ways to cut down on your grocery expenses while still eating well.Shop smarter not harderKeeping a shopping list is your first step to making wise food buying choices. If you know exactly why you’re at the store as well as all of the items you must purchase, you’re less likely to buy things you don’t need. You are also less likely to forget the one most impo rtant ingredient or household item that would make you take an extra trip back to the store.Stay outside the perimeterHave you ever noticed that produce, dairy, and meat tend to plank the three main walls of a grocery store? The outer aisles that line the store tend to be where the most necessary goods are found. That layout strategy is there to get you to venture into the middle aisles, which houses less necessary and more processed foods. By making customers go into those aisles, the store is more likely to get impulse buys out of you. So if you’re sticking to a budget, stick to the main aisles and try to avoid deviating from the outside walls of the store.Explore your surroundingsAs you shop around for the best prices let your eyes wander. Eye-level products tend to be the most expensive. Take a look at the items on the upper or lower shelves, which are probably cheaper and the same quality as the eye-level ones.Julie R. Thomson at the Huffington Post offers similar solutions t o grocery shopping savings. She advises customers to avoid buying brand name products and overpriced toiletries to ensure maximum savings.“You might be used to a particular brand of cereal or sugar, but the generic options are usually cheaper,” Thomson says. “Generic brands often use name-brand products with their own labels on it, and they offer it at a better price. Just check the ingredients to be sure you’re getting the same product.”Know what you already haveBefore you buy another box of pasta or a pantry staple, make sure you don’t already have six boxes of it at home. It seems silly, but before you go on a major grocery shopping spree it’s best to take inventory of your pantry, fridge, and freezer. This way you aren’t wasting money on a duplicate and you’ll use what you have while it’s still good.Everydollar suggests using home inventories as a means of meal planning, as well. If you already have meatballs and sauce, for example, you could pick up bread an d noodles and have yourself a spaghetti dinner in no time.In addition to making a list of what you absolutely need, Urban Tastebud suggests figuring out what products are running low in your fridge or pantry. If you know where you’re running short, you’re less likely to run out of an item (like milk, butter or certain spices) when you need it.This works in reverse, as well. “By keeping track of everything that is running low, you save yourself the risk of buying something when in reality you don’t need it yet,” Urban Tastebud adds.Consider sales (but carefully)Have you ever bought a bunch of bakery mixes after Christmas or Thanksgiving or stocked up on chocolate after Valentine’s Day? When it comes to taking advantage of seasonal savings, grocery stores can be your best budgeting friend.Urban Tastebud suggests taking advantage of post-holiday sales for certain grocery buys. “Many goods, including holiday-themed candy, baking mixes, spices, etc., are always heavily disc ounted after the holidays,” it says. “So if you don’t mind eating orange, yellow, and red candy, then shopping for goodies after Halloween can lead to major savings.”When it comes to other sales, it’s best to stock up on products you use a lot if you can get a good deal. Things like toilet paper, soda or certain kinds of cleaners are great stock-up items.The sales you should be wary of, however, are ones that price five items for $5 or 10 items for $10. At first glance they present a great way to stock up and save money, when they’re actually not a great deal if you look at the individual unit prices of the items that qualify.“If you ever see some items marked as 10 for $10, be sure to check the individual unit price because sometimes these [individual] items can be only $0.89, costing you $1.90 extra,” Urban Tastebud says.Don’t impulse buyHere’s an obvious one: Don’t buy impulse items at the register. You don’t need them, and they’re going to be more expen sive than their counterparts in other areas of the store. Urban Tastebud notes stores may jack up the price of individual items near the checkout counter, even though a bulk container of the same item can be found elsewhere in the aisles for a more reasonable unit price.Stay vigilant  Just as in anything else, if you go in with the right knowledge and determination, you can save a ton on groceries. Don’t let the bright sale signage or layouts overwhelm your budgetary goals, and you’ll be eating like a king with a wallet that’s as happy as your belly.To learn more about saving money on everyday expenses, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Save Money This Summer by Saving EnergySave a Few Bucks on Fido with These DIY Pet ToysReusable Purchases That Will Save You Money in the Long RunCar Maintenance Tips That Will Save You Money Down the Road  |Instagram

Copper Synthesis Experiment Essay example - 1188 Words

Experiment 1: Synthesis of Copper Compounds Introduction This experiment involves the synthesis of compounds originating from pure solid copper. By applying solubility rules and the reactive properties of substances, many compounds which would otherwise be costly to extract from nature are able to be synthesized in the laboratory. Laboratory synthesized may sometimes be more economical than natural extraction, however it poses its own problems with the amount of substance that is actually yielded from the production reactions (Stathopulos, 2007). Almost no reaction has 100% yield, thus scientists inadvertently produce undesired products that must be filtered or decanted out of solution (Petrucci et al, 2007). Beginning with pure copper†¦show more content†¦The intent of the experiment was to perform all the reactions only to return to the pure form of copper again. A reasonable percent recovery would be 90% +, however, the percent recovery obtained in our experiment was an outrageous and impossible figure of 3382%. Unless the law of conservation for matter is wrong, only error can explain that abnormal figure. Under the guidance of our TA, we were advised to remove our evaporating dish from the Bunsen burner to prevent overheating and the formation of copper oxide. A veryShow MoreRelatedClass Action Lab Report Essay examples1100 Words   |  5 Pages4/13/12-4/14/12 Class Action Lab Report Purpose: To determine, through observations, the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction. Materials: Safety Goggles Stirring rod Magnesium ribbon Solid CuSO4†¢H2O Matches Test tubes Copper metal 3M HCl Red and blue litmus strips 0.1M AgNO3 Zinc metal 0.1M Pb(NO3)2 Test tube holder 0.1M KI Bunsen burner 0.1M Na2NO3 Crucible tongs 1.0M NaOH Water (H2O) 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 50mL beaker 1.0 CuSO4 Procedure: UsingRead MoreMetal Catalyzed Carbon899 Words   |  4 Pagesas an important reaction class in chemical synthesis.1 Nowadays, there is a variety of competitive methods for synthesis of aryl-nucleophile bonds with various sources of C-, O-, N-, P-, and S-nucleophiles.1-5 Researchers have extensively applied palladium-based catalysts in cross-coupling reactions in both academic and industrial settings,5, 6 however, our goal is the development of a range of copper-based catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. 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You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formulaRead MoreChemistry And Application Of Click Chemistry1411 Words   |  6 Pageschemical biology filed, the typical synthesis way of this concept, and current application in drug synthesis and research. Keywords: Click chemistry, vivo system, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, CuAAC, Diels-Alder reaction Introduction: The phrase click chemistry was invented by K. Barry Sharpless in 1998, and was first integrally described by Sharpless, Hartmuth Kolb, and M.G. Finn of The Scripps Research Institute in 2001.[1][2] In Chemical synthesis, â€Å"Click Chemistry† is a category bio-compatibleRead MoreChemistry Lab : Preparation Of A Dye830 Words   |  4 PagesCH 220C – Organic Chemistry Lab Experiment 14: Preparation of a Dye: Azo Violet Rodan Devega Introduction The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to synthesize azo violet, and conduct a product analysis in the form of a dyeing test and indicator test. Synthesizing azo class dyes typically involves two steps, diazotization and diazonium coupling. Diazotization is the conversion of a p-nitroaniline’s amino substituent to a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond, resulting in the formation of an arylRead MoreChemical Reactions And Chemical Reaction Types Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pages Abstract This paper is about chemical reactions and chemical reaction types. All the data gathered was from conducting multiple experiments. Each experiment was performed carefully and analyzed to obtain the necessary information for the paper. That information included the four signs of a chemical change, the rnx type, and more. Introduction A chemical reaction is a process in which elements or compounds react with one another to create new or different substances. There are twoRead MoreThe Elemental Exploration Of A Salt And Salt Solution, And The Synthesis And Crystallization Of Aluminum1609 Words   |  7 PagesProject A: The elemental exploration of the behavior of iron in physiological conditions, the acquisition of solid copper from a salt and salt solution, and the synthesis and crystallization of aluminum. Introduction: Iron is an essential element in the human body. It can be found in the hemoglobin and transferrin of the bloodstream, and in myoglobin in muscle tissue. The main purpose of iron is to transfer oxygen within the body. To gain iron, humans must consume a diet that consist abundantlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Lead Nitrate Contamination On The Plant Brassica Rapa1588 Words   |  7 PagesCorey Biology Department Birmingham-Southern College Date: October 24, 2016 Teacher: Jennifer Kelly Abstract In my biology class we conducted an experiment to determine if there was a direct correlation between the concentration of lead levels in soil and the effect it has on plant synthesis and plant height. The specimen used in the experiment is a species of plant, Brassica rapa. Seeds of B. rapa were careful planted within every cell of a cubical that was filled with six different concentrationsRead MoreProperties of Gases - Chem Labpaq Essay689 Words   |  3 PagesProperties of Gases General Chemistry 1 Lab 5 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to examine the properties of several gasses, which were the products of a reaction, and examine the way the gasses react under certain conditions. These conditions, such as introducing a flame to the gas as well as oxygen and CO2, caused other reactions to occur. Hypothesis: If the gasses are correctly synthesized then there will be a clear reaction with the introduction of the flame, O2, CO2, Air

Online Communities Essay - 1061 Words

Communities are all about groups of individuals who share something in common. This makes going on the internet seem like an odd way to find more communities, form new ones, or strengthen pre-existing ones. The internet however is full of communities. Communities can be based upon religion, location, ethnicity, an interest, or a personal matter. The internet itself is â€Å"a global distributed data communications network† (Kirmayer, Raikhel, Rahimi, 2013, p. 166). This is what makes the internet so full of communities because communication is the key to putting multiple individuals with commonalities into communication, which is the basis of any community. Online communities differ from communities that exists off the web in a couple of†¦show more content†¦This distinction of authority aids in creating a hierarchy within a community. With online communities, every member is often able to contribute equally, allowing their voice to be heard. This gives the impress ion that every individual is an authority figure on a subject due to their ability to be equally heard. (Cellary, 2008, p. 107) For example to post a video about cats on Youtube, it is equally as easy for one person as it is the next to post a video. They simply must own a camera, have a Youtube account, be willing to record something about cats, and post it on Youtube (How to upload videos, n.d.). A third and huge difference between the two types of community is that online communities offer up the chance to be anonymous. Online one can identify with the use of almost any name or image. The name doesn’t have to be a real one, and there’s not really any way for one to prove the image is truly theirs or of themselves (Cellary, 2008, p. 107). However, this ability for anonymity within an online community doesn’t necessarily mean privacy. The study Internet social network communities: Risk taking, trust, and privacy concerns by Fogel and Nehmad (2008) talks about how much university students are willing to share on social media. Although the study does strictly look at one set of university students, it gives an example of how much individuals are willing to share personal information such as pictures of oneself, ones’ email address, instant messenger address,Show MoreRelated Online Community Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Community After searching through various online communities, I finally found one that looked very interesting and informative to me, fitness.com. I chose an online community in which I would not only gain helpful information and advice, but I could also communicate with people who are interested in the same topic as I am. I knew right away that it was a community rather than just a typical webpage that someone had made. A community has places where people can post messages onRead More My Online Community Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesMy Online Community I aimlessly wondered the Internet trying to find a community suitable for me. I wasn’t sure what I was looking for. I have many interests, but I really don’t have a strong passion for something. So I decided to join a community in which I could express myself as a teen and talk about general issues. I joined the mtv.com community. There I expressed my thoughts on everything, ranging from music to daily events that shape our world. There I had a chance to share myRead More The Nature of Online Communities Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesNature of Online Communities What brings people together on the internet? Is it the desire to find a friend and a community or is it the other extreme of finding someone to argue with and release all the anger that has built up inside? Do people not like who they are in real life and find the internet as a place to have a new identity, the person that they have always wanted to be? Or, is it what Rheingold states in his article â€Å"The Virtual Community,† â€Å"virtual communities treat themRead More Exploring Online Communities Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesExploring Online Communities First language, then print, and now telecommunications allow us to link thoughts and form communities, or groups based on common interests or common localities. However, in the not so distant past of the pre-virtual reality and pre-telecommunications age, community was the place where people lived, worked or played. For most of human recorded history, community was close to home and place dependent. Nowadays, cyberspace exists and permeates the real world inRead More Online Communities - Chat Rooms and Discussion Boards Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Communities - Chat Rooms and Discussion Boards To those who have never experienced an online community they may seem pointless, a waste of time or simply childish. However, for those that have expanded beyond the traditional means of communication such as, talking on the telephone or conversing face-to-face, online communities offer a new and exciting means of communication. They offer a chance to meet others, gain advice, voice an opinion, defend an argument, or to simply relax and haveRead More Diversity of Online Communities Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity of Online Communities The article in U.S. News World Report called Go Play-On the Web represents a community of virtual gamers on the Internet. These games are a lot more complex than the online gaming of the past. When these people that belong to this particular community log on to the net they are interacting with each other in huge 3-D virtual worlds. Some of these games focus on a particular subject like playing virtual game shows with others on the net. Some of the new gamesRead More The Impact Of Online Communities On Physical Social Relationships1310 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Nowadays, people spend much time in online communities to network with virtual friends and play role plays. They provide an advantage for people with special needs who cannot leave the house, because they benefit from the accessibility of the internet. Moreover, they help people who often move to stay in touch with their friends. Nevertheless, spending too much time in online communities leads to drawbacks in the development of the user’s personality. More energy is dedicated to the virtualRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Three Types of Online Communities- Chat Rooms, Social Network Sites, and Online Classrooms1455 Words   |  6 PagesAn online community is a network of people who come together and communicate online, usually because of a common interest or goal. There are many different types of online communities. Some examples of online communities are: email distribution lists, message boards and newsgroups, instant message (IM) services, chat rooms, blogging sites, soci al networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook, and online classrooms/school groups. I intend to discuss three of these types of online communities –Read MoreSex Offenders Against Children are an Epidemic Overrunning the Online Communities556 Words   |  2 Pagesdecades ago. According to a report made by the U.S. Department of Justice; â€Å"one in five children (10 to 17 years old) receives unwanted sexual solicitations online† (Knetzger Muraski, 2008). One of this online sex-crime against children is known as child enticement. The Florida statute 847.0135 states that an individual is involved in online child enticement when â€Å"[†¦] utilizes a computer on-line service, Internet service, or [†¦] to seduce, solicit, lure, or entice, or attempt to [†¦] a child or anotherRead MoreOnline Communities.1879 Words   |  8 PagesOnline Communities. To start off my essay I would like to stress on the fact that an online community is not created online communities evolve and flourish. Most of the well built online communities take time and effort to establish them. In this essay I will be covering topics like how people interact in an online community, also will be looking at how to facilitate a successful online discussion and how to evaluate the success or failure of an online community. With the dawn of the new

Gangsterism in the 1920’s Free Essays

â€Å"The Roaring Twenties,†; what a perfect aphorism. It was certainly roaring with music and dance, but it also was roaring with gangsters. In the aspect of gangsterism, the thirties were also roaring. We will write a custom essay sample on Gangsterism in the 1920’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Americans in this time period tolerated criminals, especially those involved in bootlegging. Bootlegging is the smuggling of illegal substances. Bootlegging could have possibly been tolerated because of the recent outlaw of alcohol during this time period, known as the Prohibition. Gangsters were involved in bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, organized crime, and racketeering. Al â€Å"Scarface â€Å" Capone, Bonnie and Clyde, and John Dillinger were the headliners of this era. Gangsterism provided a risky job but maximum rewards in a time when jobs were scarce and our country was in the midst of a depression. When Congress passed the eighteenth amendment, alcohol was banned in every way from America. People who were addicted to alcohol and even those who were accustomed to the casual drink still had a demand for it. Many would pay top dollar for a drink, they didn’t think obtaining alcohol would be too immoral because it was legal just a few years back. Citizens would hold private socials and would serve alcohol to all of the guests, this was usually done by the wealthy because of the high cost of alcohol. This opened up many opportunities for those who were willing to take risks and bootleg illegal alcohol to the country. With money flowing like water to many of these gangsters, greed began to grow rapidly among them. They began to explore more demoralizing fields of work. These gangsters began to open speakeasies, which were like old west taverns with prostitution, gambling, and of course, drinking. Speakeasies always had cover charges ranging from five dollars to twenty-five dollars, depending on the price of alcohol at the time. America’s obsession for alcohol allowed the owners to charge any price they wanted. Thousands of speakeasies were located in Chicago, which meant that tens-of-thousands of speakeasies were spread around the country, with most in the large cities. So many Americans were sneaking around under the law that moral values began to dwindle. Gangsters moved up in the ranks and began more vicious crimes such as murder and massive theft. Most of these crimes were necessary to keep business alive. Murder was widespread because some people who would be paid to keep quiet would talk, in return they would be dealt with†¦very harshly. In 1929, gangsters from across the country gathered in Atlantic City, New Jersey to meet with one another. Leaders from all of the major crime syndicates attended. At the meeting, they made agreements on boundaries and a their â€Å"government† to make sure relations between groups were peaceful. Anyone who broke these rules were, again, dealt with†¦very harshly. One of the most famous crime bosses ever was Al Capone. His nickname was â€Å"scarface. † which is used as a nickname in many mobster movies. He had his own army†¦seven thousand strong. He owned ten thousand speakeasies, and he was involved in all of the traditional gangster activities such as prostitution and gambling. Many politicians and police officers were on the payroll of Capone. Because of his one-hundred million dollar annual income, he had no problem maintaining this kind of lifestyle. Capon’s most famous quote is â€Å"When I sell liquor, it’s bootlegging. When my patrons serve it on silver trays on Lake Shore Drive, it’s hospitality. † In 1929, a rival boss, Bugs Moran, began to infringe on Capone’s territory. He sent some of his â€Å"boys†, disguised as police officers, to one of Moran’s drop-off spots for alcohol. They disarmed Moran’s men and then sprayed many rounds in to their bodies, ending Moran’s career as a gangster. This is known as the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. After the Massacre, Capone’s freedom and iron-fisted control was on the decline because of the Public Enemies List. Law enforcement tried to nail him for any offense for which they could get proof, the only one was tax evasion. Capone served eleven years in prison and left wrecked by syphilis. He died peacefully in his home and was buried next to his father and grandfather in Chicago’s west side. Other criminals took advantage of corrupt law enforcement and went on sprees of killing and looting. Bonnie and Clyde are two famous sidekicks who drove over the country committing murder after murder and robbery after robbery. After eight years of ludicrous behavior, the couple was gunned down outside of Arcadia, Louisiana by law enforcement. Because it was as if the law was a minority, the couple’s bodies were displayed as if they were prizes. Another criminal was John Dillinger, he was a pioneer in organized crime. He would time switching of guards, find escape routes, and always have a safe house. He had many informants on the â€Å"inside† that were paid to assist him. One particular time in Wisconsin, the FBI and police officers had him surrounded in a lodge and charged in to capture him and he mysteriously vanished eaving the government embarrassed. Dillinger was finally killed when he and his girlfriend were exiting the movie theatre and was met by several rounds of ammunition fired by awaiting law enforcement. Law enforcement of the day was struggling badly. It had police who were under the payroll of organized crime, police who would participate in illegal activities themselves, and morale was hard to come by. Police would not cooperate with one another and share information. The men with the still-good hearts had a desire for personal glory, the hero. he Federal Bureau of Investigation began massive manhunts to destroy gangsterism, and they finally were successful by sending many undercover agents in to the mobs themselves and secretly in to the speakeasies. The success is remembered by an image the FBI has today. It is known as the country’s premier law enforcement agency. Gangsterism was a powerful part of the twenties and thirties. Gangsterism was caused by a domino effect, beginning with Prohibition. Unlike most at the time, they received the Prohibition with open arms. It meant monopoly on liquor, which meant opportunity for money. Greed and lust for power fed these â€Å"czars† of cities, commanders of armies. Prohibition ceased after 1933 with the passing of the twenty-first amendment, which legalized alcoholic beverages. Gangsters began to fade along with their prominent source of income†¦liquor. Some of these gangsters were thrown in jail and others quit before they could be caught. When Capone was apprehended, he said, chuckling, â€Å"All I ever did was supply a demand,† How to cite Gangsterism in the 1920’s, Essay examples

Critically examine one of Descartes arguments free essay sample

Thought and Reality Critically examine one of Descartes arguments for the existence of God Descartes Meditation Ill provides a causal and cosmological argument that God exists. Having used the Method of Doubt in Meditations I and II in order to reject his false beliefs, Descartes assumes that the only things he knows at this point are the conclusions reached at Meditations I and II. Having also doubted Judgements in arithmetic and geometry because of the possibility of the existence of an evil demon, Descartes wishes to find out if there is a God, and if so, is this God deceitful? If He is good, then t would follow that mathematics and simple natures could be reinstated. In order to disprove the evil demon hypothesis, Descartes examines the different degrees of reality In things in comparison to God. Descartes idea of God Is of an Infinite substance. The idea of infinite substances cannot be caused by a finite substance, but only by another infinite substance, such as God himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically examine one of Descartes arguments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore Descartes concludes that God as an Infinite substance exists. Several criticisms can be made concerning Meditation Ill. It Is arguable that Descartes causal proof does not leave room for simple religious faith. There are also other flaws in his proof of the existence of God, which will be discussed later in this essay. Descartes opens Meditation Ill by reminding himself that he is subject to a very confining perspective because the Method of Doubt is still in force: In order to try to extend my knowledge further, I shall now look around more carefully and see whether I cannot still discover In myself some other things which I have not hitherto perceived_l 1 . Ren © Descartes, Key Philosophical writings, ed. Enrique chÃ' vez-Arvlzo (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1997b p. 148. All further references are o this edition and are given in the text. Descartes asserts that became certain that he Is a thinking being via a clear and distinct perception. He is convinced that all clear and distinct perceptions are true; sensory evidence, however, is not clear and distinct, therefore Descartes says he cannot trust it. Descartes doubts judgements in arithmetic and geometry because of the possibility of the existence of an evil demon. He asserts: n order to be able altogether to remove [this opinion], I must inquire whether there Is a God as soon as the occasion presents Itself; and If I find that there Is a God, I must also inquire whether He may be a deceiver; for without a knowledge of these two truths I do not see that I can ever be certain of anything. (p. 149) Descartes reels tnat unae rtaKlng an Investigation tnat proved s existence would mean that mathematics and simple natures could be reinstated. However, one might argue that if Descartes can know nothing without first knowing that God exists, how can he form premises for proving that God exists without circularity? Descartes divides thoughts into three categories in order to sort out where truth and error occur. He says that some ideas are images, some are volitions and some are Judgements. Images, if seen as occurrences in the mind, cannot be false. Descartes illustrates this point with the example of his having a mental event irrespective of whether he is picturing a goat or a chimera: Of my thoughts some are, so to speak, images of the things, and to these alone is the title idea properly applied; (p. 49) He says that the same is true of volitions insofar as they are seen as mental events. It is easy to Judge ideas inaccurately if one Judges an idea as being in conformity with the external world: inally it appears to me that sirens, hippogryphs, and the like, are formed out of my own mind. (p. 1 50) Descartes thinks that ideas are of three types: innate, adventitious or factitious. However, he wonders if any of his adventitious ideas could be caused by something outside himself. He concludes that there are different degrees of reality in things, and that ideas of infinite substance, such as God, have more reality than ideas of finite substance; therefore in Descartes opinion, God has more reality than a man who is only a finite substance. However, it is not at all obvious that there are degrees of reality in the ay that Descartes suggests. In the causal principle, Descartes claims that there must be at least as much reality in the cause ofa thing as in its effect. He is lead to believe this because he feels that it is a clear and distinct idea: supreme God, eternal, infinite, [immutable], omniscient, omnipotent, and Creator of all things which are outside of Himself, has certainly more objective reality in itself than those ideas by which finite substances are represented. (P. 152) The causal principle can be criticised, however, as there is no way of verifying that God is the cause of the idea of God. In addition, the whole causal principle seems to violat e the Method of Doubt which Descartes discusses in his first two meditations. One may say that Descartes is assuming too many things, but despite this, Descartes continues his argument for Gods existence by asserting that the more independently a thing exists, the more real it is. He says that ideas cannot have more formal reality than their causes; the cause of an ideas content must have at least as much reality as the idea: To take an example, the stone which has not yet existed not only cannot now ommence to be unless it has been produced by something which possesses within itself, either formally or eminently, all that enters into the composition of the stone P. 153) Although ideas of corporeal things, such as angels, could be produced by Descartes because he has more formal reality than they do, Descartes is only a finite substance so ne cannot De tne cause 0T an Idea 0T InTlnlte suDstance could not be caused by Descartes who is only a finite substance. Since ideas must have at least as much formal reality as their cause, Descartes says that the idea of G od can only be aused by an infinite substance. Therefore, Descartes says, we must conclude that God necessarily exists. (p. 56) However, another criticism which can be made of Descartes causal principle is that it is not obvious that it can be applied to ideas. In order to further strengthen his argument, Descartes raises three objections to Meditation Ill and systematically knocks them down. The first objection he raises is the possibility that he may not really have an idea of God, but that he has only formed an idea of the finite and tired to imagine away its boundaries. His response o this objection is that an infinite idea has more reality than a finite idea, and that an infinite idea is logically prior to a finite idea. The second objection that Descartes raises is that his idea of God may be like his ideas of hot and cold. For example, nothing in an object can be isolated as coldness or heat; similarly, nothing in the world corresponds to his idea of cold. Perhaps it is the same with God. The reply he makes is that he has a very clear and distinct idea of God. Finally, Descartes wonders whether he could perfect himself to become such a close approximation to God that e could suffice to produce an idea of God on his own. His reply to this last objection is that even if he could do this, he would only be potentially perfect. God, however, is actually perfect. Descartes final strategy is to consider that the self has the idea of God. He tries indirectly, by eliminating various possibilities to show that God is the cause of his existence. He begins by saying that the self does not exist independently. Descartes see that he is not the author of his own being. If he were completely independent he would be God, but he is not. In addition, Descartes asserts that because he ontinues to exist, there must be some conserver or conserving cause for this; the logical cause for this is God and no conserver lesser than God will suffice. Descartes also wonders how he obtained the idea of God, believing that it was not inherent or produced artificially, but that it is an innate idea that was planted in him by God Just as a tradesman stamps his work. However, it is questionable as to whether people really do have an idea of God. For example, babies and mentally retarded people do not seem to have an idea of God, and some people may never have an idea of God at all. Finally, Descartes ends Meditation Ill by contemplating the Divine Majesty: t seems to me right to pause for a while in order to contemplate God Himself, to ponder at leisure His marvellous attributes, to consider, and admire, and adore, the beauty of this light so resplendent (PP. 161-162) Descartes Meditation Ill does provide an examination into Gods existence, although at points his argument is flawed and incomprehensive. Often the premises are Descartes own assumptions, leading to unfounded conclusions. Descartes seems to make such assumptions in an att empt to validate the whole argument. In ddition, it is arguable that Descartes causal proof does not leave room for simple rellglous Taltn However, aesplte tne crltlclsms tnat can De made 0T Mealta Descartes argument is an inspired work in which he fully explores the idea of God in his own way. Although he imposes many of his personal feelings about God, Descartes does construct an argument that is logical in its structure and that gets to the heart of the questions he initially asks.