Respecting Teachers Essay

Gender differences are beginning to appear in the content men and women are downloading to their mobile phones. Games are mainly downloaded by men, while women are leading the current craze for ringtones. The findings form part of a quarterly survey of mobile usage commissioned by mobile marketing firm Enpocket. The research also found that 3G video is slowly growing, though services are only being used by a small proportion of UK mobile phone owners. Less than 3% use 3G, up from just 1% a year ago. The research also found that 3G video is slowly growing, though services are only being used by a small proportion of UK mobile phone owners. Less than 3% use 3G, up from just 1% a year ago. Young audience Mobile gaming is proving more popular, with 1.9 million people (5.8%) downloading a game to their phone in the last three months. It is predominantly men – 58% – that are keen to play games on their phones, with the majority being under 34. Young women on the other hand are getting into ringtones. They make just more than half of the 5.9 million people who downloaded a ringtone to their phone in the previous three months. Most pop hits are available as ringtones, costing between  £1.50 and  £3.50 per download. It is estimated that  £70 million worth of ringtones were sold in 2003. They are becoming so popular that accountancy firm KPMG is to release a fortnightly chart on the 20 most popular ringtones. The fact that people are prepared to spend money and time downloading content to their mobiles is great news for mobile firms. â€Å"Mobile owners are getting to grips with the more advanced features on handsets, beyond SMS,† said the chief executive of Enpocket Jonathon Linner. There are some things for companies offering 3G services to ponder though. As well as the low number of people using existing services, the survey found that less than 40% of those that own a 3G handset were actually using 3G services.

Cyber war Vs Cyber terrorism Essay

In this time and era, we have witnessed the emergence of electronic resources as the most important development of the modern day communication system. Technologies such as cellular phones, home computers, the internet and websites have added another dimension to the way we live our lives today. This presentation seeks to address and analyse the negative and positive aspects in view of the introduction of computers and telecommunications techniques as follows: Firstly, it raises awareness with regard to the new age of crimes, termed as cyber crimes. The paper focuses, in particular, on the difference between the two common types of cyber crimes, cyber war and cyber terrorism. Secondly, the paper examines the limitations and impact of having graduates through e-learning. Thirdly and lastly, the paper discusses on whether computer practitioners should be required to have a practicing license as it is with other professionals such as doctors, lawyers and teachers. 1. (a) Difference Between Cyber War and Cyber Terrorism The end result of both cyber war and cyber terrorism is the same, to damage critical infrastructures and computer systems. The major difference being  that cyber war is launched by governments whereas cyber terrorism is launched by individuals or a group of individuals. Cyber war, often done in conjunction with traditional military attacks, is an organised attack by one nation against another nation’s information and communication systems with an aim of gaining an advantage over the enemy by disrupting their ability to fight back. Cyber war attacks often targets an enemies systems such as command and control systems, intelligence collection and distribution, information processing and distribution, tactical communication, troop and weapons positioning and so on. For instance, when the United States of America invaded Iraq, they disrupted the country’s communication and defence systems, crippling their ability to find and take down US aircrafts. On the other hand, cybe r terrorism is when individuals or terrorist groups use computers, computer networks and the internet against persons or property to intimidate or coerce government, civilians, society in order to reach political, religious or ideological agenda. The things that are targeted are power plant systems, telephone systems, transportation systems, water or oil pipelines, financial institutions and so on. ([online] Available at: community.mis.temple.edu/mis2901001†¦[Accessed 5 April 2014]) Cyber terrorism takes many forms. One of the more popular is to threaten a large bank. The terrorist hacks into the bank’s system and then leave an encrypted message for senior directors demanding for a sum of money. If the bank does not cooperate, the terrorist threatens to use anything from logic bombs to electromagnetic pulses and high-emission guns to destroy the bank’s files. Most banks would rather pay the money than have the public know how vulnerable they are for fear of loss of business. ([online] Available at: csciwww.etsu.edu/../cases.htm [Accessed 6 April 2014]) One practical example is where banks in Zambia have lost an estimated US$4 million to cybercrime through Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) withdrawals. This was reported in the local Post newspaper dated 14 June 2013. This was after the state police discovered a scam in which three foreign criminals had recruited and trained Zambians in cyber-crime. ([online] Available at: www.postzambia.com/post-read †¦article [Accessed 6 April 2014]) Cyber terrorism can also include terrorists getting secret data from defence files, network with other terrorists, or raise and manage funds for terrorism by hacking. (b) Limitations and Impact of Having Graduates   Through E-learning E-learning has become an increasingly popular learning approach in higher educational institutions due to the rapid growth of internet technologies. Many foreign renowned universities offer all types of programmes ranging from Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes, to Short Courses. Essentially, emerging evidence suggests that having graduates through e-learning has substantial beneficial impact on social and economic development of our societies today and includes the following. It has enhanced skills development to would be graduates and their countries to cope with the demands of the 21st century where rapid change and globalisation is taking place. For instance, graduates have acquired an improved ability to conduct independent research, think critically to solve problems through the use of e-technology to communicate and collaborate. It has lead to an increased student turnover because of its flexibility and cost effectiveness and hence has broadened educati onal opportunity for many, especially financially disadvantaged students and those with disabilities. This has resulted in an increased human resource base and enhanced economic progress from direct job creation in the technology industry as well as from developing a better educated work force, much needed in developing countries such as Zambia. Online access promises a new access route for millions of students. This new approach of learning facilitates different students at different continents to attend the same classes almost at the same time. It has brought about improved learning methods and teachers have a more positive attitude towards their work and are able to provide personalized learning. On the other hand, although e-learning has brought about many benefits for students and organizations alike, it also has its limitations. In order to perform the tasks required by system, an e-learning environment requires basic state of the art equipment and minimum level of computer skills. Thus, a student that does not have the minimum computer knowledge, or have access to these equipment is disadvantaged and will not succeed in an e-learning program. Certain subjects, such as sports and public speaking, require physical exertion and practice. Thus, they cannot be applied in an e-learning environment. Needless to say, it can be a useful companion to traditional education for teaching backgroun d and technical information. A successful e-learning program requires students that are well organised, self motivated and have  good time management skills. In other words, an e-learning program is directly related to the amount of effort applied. Successful e-learning students are able to study independently and incorporate study time into their busy lives. Students that lack discipline and are not good at time management are disadvantaged and will not succeed. E-learning requires good reading and writing skills. Most activities and communications are written, and thus, the ability to efficiently interpret instructions is a critical skill to a successful e-learning program. Students that are not comfortable with the ability to express themselves through writing will not succeed in e-learning. 2. Are computer practitioners similar enough to other professionals that they should be required to have a License too? Licensing is not currently required for computer practitioners but is being considered by several professional computing organizations and is believed, in principle, as necessary as the certification and licensing of doctors, lawyers, teachers, hairdressers and other professionals. The question of licensing professional s in general is a very controversial and political question. Licensing generally means that to practice a certain profession requires a government licensee, usually administered through a professional organization. The general theory of licensing professional is that it is supposed to help the general public outside the professional to be assured that someone else is capable of doing certain jobs. For instance,  one of the top e-learning institutions, the University of Liverpool in conjunction with Laureate Online Education offer 41 distance learning courses from a wide area of disciplines. The notion that degrees through e-learning are perceived not to be as rewarding or valuable as full-time traditional degree has been proved not to be the case. In fact, in the late 1990s, the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education of the British Government measured academic excellence in more than 100 universities, including the Open University. Surprisingly, the Open University was ranked in the top ten of British Universities in terms of academic excellence. The only underlying difference between a traditional degree and e-learning degree is the manner in which information is conveyed. The traditional setup has been based on a face to face communication where students and lecturers are brought together at the same time and the same place in classes,  laboratories and recreation centers for the purpose of learning, whereas in e-learning systems use technology to separate the learner from the teacher, and the learner from the learning group while maintaining the integrity of the learning process. Follow up statistics placing the Open University in the top 10 with Oxford and Cambridge have been repeated for several years and cannot be statistically be explained as a mere coincidence. ([online] Available at: http.//www.webbasedtraining.com/ [Accessed 3 March 2014]) The main focus of this presentation is to gain insights into critical issues confronting two major stakeholders in the new era of WBT, the student and faculty. The question at hand requires objective views on the advantages and disadvantages of WBT from a student’s point of view as well as advantages of WBT from the college’s point of view. It further requires identifying ways that studying from a website is better than studying from written text as well as discuss in details the social and economical benefits and limitations of E-technology in Zambia. Systems Development Life Cycle The second part of this presentation discusses a linier Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is a technique used to assist developers effectively develop information systems. ‘Gaining competitive advantage and improving information delivery will urge an organization to restructure its activities. The information system has to be developed to suite the business scenario and objectives. It needs to be carefully planned and activities well thought of.’ (Ndhlovu, 2009). Thus, in an effort to answer the question at hand a description of the stages involved in a SDLC using annotated diagram shall be discussed. In addition, the discussion shall also include a description of techniques which can be used to investigate the existing system of an organization identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each and also give an alternative to SDLC for developing systems. Having said that, details of the mentioned topics in question is as follows. a) Web-Based Training Advantages and Disadvantages of WBT: Student’s Point of View Advantages Utilisation of the World Wide Web is a current and extensive source of  information and relatively easy to use. Some of the advantages from a student’s point of view include the following. There is unlimited source of information on the internet as compared to textbooks and class lectures as it provides a variety and quality of learning materials. Encountering a new experience of sourcing information on the web increases a motivation to learn among students. For example, the web allows browsing from one link to another on a particular subject or topic Access to meaningful resources foster critical thinking skills and allows the student to see new ways of interpreting and evaluating information. For instance, gathering view points and knowledge from various internet sites cause students to debate previously held values and ideas which they may have had misconceptions. Gain of competence with technology by learning to navigate and use the web successfully, apply computer skill s, use of conferencing tools such as e-mail and listservs. Integration of technology with content-related work provided a more meaningful interaction with the subject matter. For example, students reflected on the lack of relevance in acquiring computer skills in isolation noting that when combined with content, those applications become a tool to improve learning in their field of study. Technological aspects of course assignments encourage cooperative dialogue rather than isolation. For example, e-mail and listservs are used regularly providing a valuable resource for support and collaboration among classmates for help in completing assignments, support with technological frustration and to share acquired skills or content resources. In addition, e-mail communication with instructors gives a student individual attention that is not apparent in a traditional coursework setup. E-mail utilization has many assets that face-to-face classroom contact lacks. For example, student need not wait for class time in order to get or clarify a piece of information. The student who would normally shy away and not ask a question in class or participate in a class discus sion are more comfortable using e-mail as a medium of communication and thus is not left out on the much needed information. For the student, online course allows them to integrate work, family and school more efficiently as it eliminates travel time to and from class for commuters. Disadvantages The positive aspects of WBT are countered with some frustrations that are  experienced by some students. These include the following. Student lack of computer skills, internet server being down, difficulty in accessing computer, use of obsolete computers and lack of technical and instructional support are some of the frustrations that a student may encounter. Required assignments are time consuming as mastering computer application tools and learning to navigate the web efficiently take up most of the time. Advantages of WBT: College’s Point of View Higher education is evolving, consumer needs are shifting, and competition for students is increasing. Consequently, institutions must be driven to some extent by the needs and demands of the consumer. To satisfy the unique needs of growing numbers of nontraditional students and to make graduate degrees more attractive and feasible, the availability of online courses and distance learning opportunities is essential. Most of the faculties consider technology applications in university courses as the wave of the future citing their main reason for wanting its continuity as mainly being the benefits they believe their students receive. Moreover, in this time and era, a faculty member who does not use technology is often considered out of date and out of touch with skills that are needed for the coming millennium. Faculty respondents consistently identified convenience and improved learning as advantages for students enrolled in Web-based instruction. Other advantages identified by facul ty are as follows. Students gain knowledge on how to use numerous technology-based applications such as e-mail, PowerPoint, listservs, graphics programs, and HTML, many of which are considered essential skills for today’s workforce. Students also gain comfort with the medium, anxiety levels are reduced, and they are more willing to explore the potential of technology applications. Students tend to become independent learners, are more motivated to explore related topics on their own, and develop critical thinking skills. The quality of completed assignments is often better than in the traditional classroom because students have more time for reflection and better access to resources. More information can be included in a course with the potential for students to expand on the information received by providing links to related sites. Many students will click on a link more readily than obtaining a print resource identified in a bibliography. Students learning how to access the extensive  resources available on the WWW, online databases, and other technology-based resources. Student convenience. For example, online classes provide students with 24-hour access, eliminate the need to travel or find parking, and eliminate scheduling conflicts with jobs or family. These advantages may particularly benefit graduate students and nontraditional students. Connecting s tudents with technology allows the student to become part of a global community. Information and ideas can be exchanged with other students and experts throughout the world using e-mail and listserv discussions. Collaboration and communication among students are fostered, as well as communication between instructor and student. Online Studying Vs. Written Text Studying Among the several ways that studying from a website is better than studying from written text three distinct ways include the following. Text books become outdated almost immediately after publication and cannot be updated until the next publication which may take several years down the line. Information on the website can be updated daily and printing errors are corrected immediately. Written text is limited to the information on the page whereas educational websites can link to an infinite number of other educational sites to give supplemental detail in as much as possible on a particular subject or topic. Textbooks are limited to the points of view of their authors whereas the website allows multiple view points, which is essential for critical thinking especially if the author is too vague about a particular topic. ([online] Available at: English.varsavskyfoundation.org/education [Accessed 7 March 2014]) b) Social and Economical Benefits and Limitations of E-technology in Zambia Zambia is one of a number of countries in the Southern African region that have sought to include e-technology in its national development plans. E-technology is believed to contribute to improving development outcomes in two main ways: E-technology-based knowledge and products contribute directly to wealth creation. The use of e-technology contributes indirectly to national development through its impact in social and economic sectors such as agriculture, health and education, and by empowering individuals to take advantage of new opportunities. For example,  AfriConnect, in partnership with the Zambian Ministry of Education, have been piloting a project aimed at bringing web-based e-learning to schools in different parts of the country. The objective is to move from the traditional chalk-and-talk pedagogy to enquiry-based learning, while at the same time bringing the option of lifelong learning to people who have already left school. Individuals also benefit from the availability and use of e-technology in a number of ways. For example, by substituting phone calls for travel, which saves time and money, and by using e-technology to obtain information on prices, for their own produce and for purchases. In these various ways, e-technology can have a significant impact on a country’s ability to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). There are, however, also constraints on the potential impact of e-technology in many developing countries. These constraints include inadequate technical infrastructure, limited human skills to use available networks and services, the relatively high cost of communications equipment, and poor policy and regulatory environments. These factors reduce the scope for countries and communities to realise the potential of e-technology for development. Question 2 Solution (a) Model of the Systems Development Life Cycle highlighting the maintenance PhaseThe systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. In general, an SDLC methodology follows the following steps: 1. Planning Stage The existing system is evaluated. Deficiencies are identified. This can be done by interviewing users of the system and consulting with support personnel. 2. Analysis Stage The new system requirements are defined. In particular, the deficiencies in the existing system must be addressed with specific proposals for improvement. 3. Design Stage The proposed system is designed. Plans are laid out concerning the physical  construction, hardware, operating systems, programming, communications, and security issues. The new system is developed. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use, and all aspects of performance must be tested. If necessary, adjustments must be made at this stage. 4. Implementation Stage The system is put into use. This can be done in various ways. The new system can be phased in, according to application or location, and the old system gradually replaced. In some cases, it may be more cost-effective to shut down the old system and implement the new system all at once. 5. Maintenance Stage Once the new system is up and running for a while, it should be exhaustively evaluated. Maintenance must be kept up rigorously at all times. Users of the system should be kept up-to-date concerning the latest modifications and procedures. (b) The systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.[1] The systems development life-cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both.[2] The waterfall model is a sequential design process, often used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance. What is systems development life cycle (SDLC)? (SDLC is also an abbreviation for Synchronous Data Link Control.) The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project  management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved, including the waterfall model (which was the original SDLC method); rapid application development (RAD); joint application development (JAD); the fountain model; the spiral model; build and fix; and synchronize-and-stabilize. Frequently, several models are combined into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely the particular plan was followed. In general, an SDLC methodology follows the following steps: 6. The existing system is evaluated. Deficiencies are identified. This can be done by interviewing users of the system and consulting with support personnel. 7. The new system requirements are defined. In particular, the deficiencies in the existing system must be addressed with specific proposals for improvement. 8. The proposed system is designed. Plans are laid out concerning the physical construction, hardware, operating systems, programming, communications, and security issues. 9. The new system is developed. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use, and all aspects of performance must be tested. If necessary, adjustments must be made at this stage. 10. The system is put into use. This can be done in various ways. The new system can phased in, according to application or location, and the old system gradually replaced. In some cases, it may be more c ost-effective to shut down the old system and implement the new system all at once. 11. Once the new system is up and running for a while, it should be exhaustively evaluated. Maintenance must be kept up rigorously at all times. Users of the system should be kept up-to-date concerning the latest modifications and procedures.

Overview of Sociologys Conflict Theory

Conflict theory states that tensions and conflicts arise when resources, status, and power are unevenly distributed between groups in society  and that these conflicts become the engine for social change. In this context, power can be understood as control of material resources and accumulated wealth, control of politics and the institutions that make up society, and ones social status relative to others (determined not just by class but by race, gender, sexuality, culture, and religion, among other things). Karl Marx A house may be large or small; as long as the neighboring houses are likewise small, it satisfies all social requirement for a residence. But let there arise next to the little house a palace, and the little house shrinks to a hut. Wage Labour and Capital (1847) Marxs Conflict Theory Conflict theory originated in the work of Karl Marx, who focused on the causes and consequences of class conflict between the bourgeoisie (the owners of the means of production and the capitalists) and the proletariat (the working class and the poor). Focusing on the economic, social, and political implications of the rise of capitalism in Europe, Marx theorized that this system, premised on the existence of a powerful minority class (the bourgeoisie) and an oppressed majority class (the proletariat), created class conflict because the interests of the two were at odds, and resources were unjustly distributed among them. Within this system an unequal social order was maintained through ideological coercion which created consensus--and acceptance of the values, expectations, and conditions as determined by the bourgeoisie.  Marx theorized that the work of producing consensus was done in the superstructure of society, which is composed of social  institutions, political structures, and culture, and what it produced consensus for was the base, the economic relations of production.   Marx reasoned that as the socio-economic conditions worsened for the proletariat, they would develop a class consciousness that revealed their exploitation at the hands of the wealthy capitalist class of bourgeoisie, and then they would revolt, demanding changes to smooth the conflict. According to Marx, if the changes made to appease conflict maintained a capitalist system, then the cycle of conflict would repeat. However, if the changes made created a new system, like socialism, then peace and stability would be achieved. Evolution of Conflict Theory Many social theorists have built on Marxs conflict theory to bolster it, grow it, and refine it over the years. Explaining why Marxs theory of revolution did not manifest in his lifetime,  Italian scholar and activist  Antonio Gramsci  argued that the power of ideology was stronger than Marx had realized  and that more work needed to be done to overcome cultural hegemony, or  rule through common sense. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, critical theorists who were part of The Frankfurt School, focused their work on how the rise of mass culture--mass produced art, music, and media--contributed to the maintenance of cultural hegemony. More recently, C. Wright Mills drew on conflict theory to describe the rise of a tiny power elite composed of military, economic, and political figures who have ruled America from the mid-twentieth century. Many others have drawn on conflict theory to develop other types of theory within the social sciences, including feminist theory, critical race theory, postmodern and postcolonial theory, queer theory, post-structural theory, and theories of globalization and world systems. So, while initially conflict theory described class conflicts specifically, it has lent itself over the years to studies of how other kinds of conflicts, like those premised on race, gender, sexuality, religion, culture, and nationality, among others, are a part of contemporary social structures, and how they affect our lives. Applying Conflict Theory Conflict theory and its variants are used by many sociologists today to study a wide range of social problems. Examples include: How todays global capitalism creates a global system of power and inequality.How words play a role in reproducing and justifying conflict.The causes and consequences of the gender pay gap between men and women. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Brief Summary On Christianity And Buddhism - 1812 Words

Brief summary of beliefs: Christianity and Buddhism are two religions that have a rich history and millions of devoted followers throughout the world. Christianity is one of the most influential religions in history based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ approximately 2,000 years ago. â€Å"This religion is based on the belief that the is one supreme, eternal, infinite God, the Creator of the heaven and earth.† Those who are good will be rewarded by Christ in heaven and those who are unscrupulous will be punished in hell. Christianity also beliefs that there are three persons in the Holy Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit and that the second person is Christ who died crucified on the cross to save the people. Lastly, â€Å"that the seven sacraments were instituted by Christ to give grace; especially, that Baptism is necessary and that the Eucharist is a pledge of the future glory† . Whatever it is that God teaches to the people by his Church cannot be used deceive others or themselves. On of the most important events in the Christian religion is death as it is the end of the person’s life on earth but the beginning of an eternal life in heaven with the presence of God. According to the Christian religion each person possesses a soul that leaves the body at death and goes to an afterlife in either heaven or hell. Christians also believe that there is a middle state between heaven and hell, known as purgatory . 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Global Health And Human Health - 2237 Words

The most critical skills to have to be successful while working in the field of global health include empathy, teamwork, and perseverance. First, global health workers need empathy to understand the situation, culture, and values of those with whom they work. Global health workers interact with people of many different backgrounds and cultures; therefore, being able to understand others and show empathy will allow for better interactions for both parties. When a global health worker goes to a new country, the locals view them as foreigners. Some cultures perceive foreigners as intruders and not to be trusted; others are fearful and uncomfortable with foreigners. Understanding the local’s values will help global health workers to not be offended, not overstep, and to show compassion and provide comfort to locals through their traditions. In addition to empathy, the ability to work as a part of a team aid in the success of missions since global health issues can be solved from several directions by people from many different fields. To solve global health issues, we need people working with the government establishing programs and infrastructure, people working in the background acquiring funds and increasing awareness of global health issues, and, of course, people in the field working directly with the locals. It takes many roles working many angles to solve grand global issues; therefore, the ability to work with others is key. Lastly, perseverance is critical to workingShow MoreRelatedGlobal Health And Human Rights Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a compassion gap in the first world. Although many believes human beings are all entitled to human dignity, they easily fail to recognize that human lives on the other side of globe are equally precious. 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Managing Operations of Virgin Atantic †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Operations of Virgin Atantic. Answer: Introduction Virgin Atantic is a British Airline company having its head office in head offce in Crawley, United Kingdom. Virgin Atlantic aircraft is operating with a three-class cabin configuration that includes Economy, Premium Economy, and Upper Class. The various operations management techniques of the organization includes designing of goods and services, quality management, process as well as capacity design, location strategy, layout design and strategy, job design and human resources, supply chain management, inventory management, scheduling, as well as maintenance. The organization, however, is being faced with certain problems that includes the problem of making investment in new plant or machinery, problem relating to the location of business premises that includes challenges relating to new quality processes, problems relating to distribution of products or the problems associated with the development of control processes. It is essential to explain the changes that is required to be made to the operations processes for providing quality improvements. In this regard, it is required taking into consideration the current process wuthin the organization. Then, it is required having the knowledge as to why the organization is required changing the process. The changes that should be made is required to be clearly identified and it is should subsequently be mesured, analyzed, improved as well as controlled. The various topics that will be explained in respect of operations management will be including the operations technologies, Just-In-Time and Lean Manufacturing, production planning and employee productivity. Process Explanation Just-in-Time In respect of the current problems that are prevailing within the organization, Virgin Atlantic Airlines can use the Just-In-Time (JIT) production strategy. The major componnets associated with the Just-In-Time production strategy are having only the necessary inventory when required, improving quality to zero defects, reducing lead times through the reduction in setup times, queue lengths as well as lot sizes, having an incremental revising regarding the operations as well as accomplishing these thigs at a very less cost. The major goal relating to Just-In-Time manufacturing is doing the reduction of the manufacturing lead times. This can basically be actualized through a radical reduction regarding work-in-progress (WIP). Moreover, a slight increase in the capacities of production will be leading towards a major reduction regarding manufacturing lead times as well as major reduction of work-in-process inventory (Talib 2013). JIT applications can be successfully used regarding repetitive manufacturing, operational aspects in which standard product batches get produced at increased speeds as well as volumes. However, in respect of implementing JIT production strategy in Virgin Atlantic Airlines, there is the requirement for making specific changes to the new plant as well as the way its management is being carried out. In this regard, there is the requirement for stablizing the schedules of production, increasing the work centre capacities, improving the quality of product, cross-training of the workers, reducing the breakdowns of equipments and developing long-term supplier associations. The JIT manufacturing components is associated with the aspect of doing the elimination of the waste, doing the enforcement of problem solving as well as continuous improvement, reduction in the inventories as well as working towards repetitive manufacturing. There also occurs the elimination of waste in manufaturing by making only what is required presently, reducing the waiting through the coordination of flows as well as balancing the loads, reducing or eliminating the handling of materials as well as shipping, eliminating every unrequired steps of production, reducing the set-up times as well as increasing the rates of production, eliminating the human motions as well as eliminating the defects as well as inspections. Just-In-Time is also considered being a method of imposed solving of problems (Talib 2013). One of the steps is lowering the inventory in a gradual manner for exposing the problems as well as forcing the solutions. Regarding the development of the control processes, JIT is having a strong component regarding the aspect of training as well as workers involvement, there is the requirement for developing a culture of mutual trust as well as teamwork, also there is the need for developing an attitude of loyalty towards the team as well as development of self-discipline. One more key component of JIT is the process of empowering the workers, providing them with the authority for solving the problems associated with production. Just-In-Time is considered being a pull system, where only the next stage of production is being looked at and determination is made regarding what is required there and then only those producttions are being made (Talib 2015). Production Planning In respect of the problems related with the distribution of products, there is the requirement for doing the the development as well as evaluation of the matching plan of production. The rate of production gets dictated with the help of the aggregate demand that has been forecasted, the forecasted aggregate demand will get converted into the necessary level of workforce through the use of the production time information. The primary expenses regarding the strategic aspect are the costs relating to the changing levels of workforce from time to time. The development as well as evaluation of the level production plan is associated with the gap between the amount planned for production as well as the filling of the forecasted demand with either inventory or backorders such as, no overtime, no idle time and no sub-contracting. In respect of services that are considered being standardized, aggregate palnning might be less complex than in processes that do the production of products (Steven son 2015). In respect of customized services, there might occur difficulty in respect of doing the specification of the characteristic as well as extent of services that would be performed in respect of every customer and customers might be considered being an integral part of the system of production. The kinds of production-planning as well as control systems include the pond-draining systems, push systems, pull systems, as well as concentrating on the bottlenecks. The pond-draining processes is emphasizing on holding inventories regarding materials for supporting the production, and there is very limited information that is passing through the system. With the drawing down of the inventory level, there occurs the placement of the orders with the supplying operation for repoenishing the inventorym and this might be leading towards excessive inventories and is rather not flexible in its capability toward responding to the requirements of the customers (Slack 2013). The push systems is using the information regarding the customers, suppliers, as well as production for doing the management of the flow of materials. The planning as well as controlling of the flows of materials are done with the help of a series of production schedules that are stating when the batches of each specifi c item will be coming out of each production stage. It might be resulting in significant reductions regarding the inventories of raw-materials and in greater worker as well as utilization of process in comparison to the pond-draining processes (Sallis 2014). In respect of the pull systems, it can be stated that there will occur the pulling of raw materials as well as parts from the back of the system toward the front where they will be getting converted into the finished products, and in this respect, it can be stated that the successful implementation will be requiring significant preparation. By focusing on the bottlenecks, it can be stated that the bottleneck operations do the impleding of production because they are having limited capacity in comparison to the upstream as well as the downstream stages, and there occurs the constraints related to the binding capacity that will be controlling the capacity regarding the system (Sabella 2014). Operations technologies Earlier the meaning of automation was associated with the process of replacing the effort of humans wih the effort of machines, for saving the cost of labour. In the present time, the meaning of automation is associated with the aspect of doing the integration of a complete range of advanced information as well as engineering inventions into the methods of operation in respect of strategic purposes (Reason, 2016). Also, presently the application of automation is done not only in respect of labor cost savings, but also in respect of better quality, improved flexibility as well as faster production as well as product delivery. The kinds of manufacturing automation will be including the machines attachments such as the low-cost add-ons to the machines, representing the oldest automation technological aspects, and characteristically doing the performing of one or more simple operations. Then there is the numerically controlled machines that are having a system of control that does the receiving or reading of instructions as well as translating them into machine operations. There has also been the evolution of the numerically controlled machines that includes the computer numerically controlled as well as the direct numerically controlled (Ooi, 2014). Then there is the automated quality control inspection that will be taking the physical dimensions of parts, comparing the measurement to standards, doing the checking of performance as well as making complete inspection to be feasible economically. Then there is the automatic identification systems that includes the feeding of sense as well as input data into c omputers, using the machine vision as well as optical character identification, and there occurs the reading of the data from products, documents, parts as well as containers. In respect of the automated proess controls, there occurs the using of sensors for obtaining the performance measures, doing the comparison of measures with the standards (Oakland 2014). There might occur the using of expert system for determining what process adjustment is essential. Towards the aspect of redesigning the products in respect of automated assembly, there is the requireement for reducing the amount of assembly that is necessary, reducing the number of fasteners that is necessary, designing the elements to be delivered automatically as well as positioned, designing the products in respect of layered assembly well as vertical incorporation of parts, designing the parts such that they are aligned individually, designing the products into key production units, as well as increasing the quality of the component for avoiding the jams in the machines (Miranda-Silva 2014). The Automated Production Systems include the Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), and Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS). Regarding the Flexible Manufacturig Systems it can be stated that, there occurs the loading of kits of materials in respect of a product on the material-handling process, there occurs the entering of code into compueter identifying product as well as its location within the sequence. Each production machine will be receiving the instructions from the computer, automatic loading as well as unloading of necessary tools will occur as well as there will take place the carrying out of its instructions relating to processing (Mehta 2014). In respect of the Automated Storage Retrieval Systems (ASRS), there will occur the process of receiving the orders in respect of the materials from operations, collecting the materials from the warehouse locations, delivery of the materials to the workstations regarding the operational aspects. The 3 essential components of Automated Storage Retrieval Systems will be including the computers as well as communication processes, automated handling of materials as well as systems of delivery and storage as well as systems of retrieval (Mahadevan 2015). The major advantages in respect of Automated Storage Retrieval Systems are increasing the storage capacity, incrased system throughout, reduced cost of labour, as well as improved quality of products as well as services. In respect of the software system that will be used in respect of automation, there exists three complex computer-based processes such as the Computer-Aided Deisgn and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) as well as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). In respect of the Computer-aided Design as well as Computer-Aided Manufacturing, it can be stated it is merger of two processes such as CAD as well as CAM. It is considered being the automation of switching from the designing of the product to the manufacturing of the product (Khanam, 2016). In respect of Computer-Aided Design, it can be stated that it is associated with the automation of certain production design phases, then there occus the using of computers regarding interactive engineering drawing as well as design storages and there occurs the installing of the CAD processes towards increasing the productivity of the designers, improving the designs quality, improving the standardization of product, improving the documentation of designs as well as doing the creation of manufacturing database (Johnson 2014). In respect of Computer-Aided Manufacturing, it can be stated that the its capability to progress is slower in comparison to CAD. It is also concered with the aspect of automating the process of planning as well as production control that includes the plan of production, preparation of product routings, fixing the machinery settings, preparing the schedules of production as well as controlling the operations (Jaca 2015). In respect of the Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, it can be stated that every operations of the organization in relation to production are integrated with the help of an incorporated computer system for assisting, augmenting, or automating the operational aspects. Also, the output regarding a single activity will be becoming the input regading the subsequent acitivity. In respect of the Enterprise Resource Planning, it can be stated that it is considered being a complex set of software programs. It does the integration of majority of the functional aspects regarding business within Virgin Atlantic Airlines. This includes the process related with accounting, human resources, purchasing, production, logistics as well as e-businesses (Hitt 2016). For instance, in Virgin Atlantic Airlines, Enterprise Resource Planning is used in respect of air traffic control, as well as passenger reservation. Operations Strategies There is the requirement for ensuring operations strategy so that all the tasks that are being performed are considered being the correct tasks. Operations strategy is considered being a plan in respect of the design as well as management of functions regarding operational aspects. There occurs the focsing of operations strategies on particular capabilities that is giving it a competitive edge in respect of cometitive priorities. The function of operations strategy is associated with providing a long-range plan regardng the use of the resources of the organization to do the production of the primary services regarding Virgin Atlantic Airlines (Herzallah 2014). The structural aspect will be including the facilties, product flow as well as the technological aspects and the infrastructure will be including the planning and control method, workers, pay as well as quality. Discussion of Operations Management Theory Total Quality Management Total Quality Management is considered being a management philosophy that does the integration of all functions of the organization such as marketing, finance, engineering, design, production and so on, for focusing on meeting the needs of the customers as well as objectives of the organization. Total Quality Management does the viewing of an organization to be collection of methods. It states that organizations are required striving for doing the continous improvement of these methods through the incorporation of the knowledge as well as the workers experiences (Heizer 2016). The major principles of Total Quality Management includes management commitment, staff empowerment, fact-based decision making, continous development, and the focus of the customers. The advantages regarding Total Quality Management states that it does the lowering of costs all through the organizational infrastructure. Since, it is considered to be an all-inclusive program regarding quality management, Total Quality Management assists different departments towards communicating their requirements, problems as well as desires with one another, such that solutions that are considered to be workable can be found out that will assist Virgin Atlantic Airlines in cutting costs all through the supply chain, distribution chain, shipping as well as receiving, accounting and departments of management without the loss of productivity or the capability for operating in a rapid manner when a change is occuring (Dale 2015). The disadvantages regarding Total Quality Management states that there is a high cost for doing the implementation of a program relating to TQM, as well as the fact that it might take many years in respect of the implementation of the full program prior to the seeing of the benefits as well as results, can be considered being a major disadvanatage regarding a Total Quality Management program, particularly in the indecisive economic conditions of the present day. Therefore, Total Quality Management is regarded as a long-term investment (Calvo-Mora 2014). Demings 14 Points Demings 14 Points regading Quality Management, is considered being a key concept to do the implementation of the total quality management. It is a set of management practices that assist the organizations to do the increasing of their quality as well as productivity. The 14 Points will be including, The aspect of creating the steadiness regarding the purpose to do the improvement of products as well as services Adopting the new philosophy Ceasing dependence regarding inspection for the achievement of quality Ending the practice of awarding the business regarding price alone, and as an alternative, minimizing the total cost by working with an individual supplier Improving in a constant manner as well as forever all the processes relating to production, services as well as planning Instituting training on the job Adopting as well as instituting leadership Driving out fear Breaking down barriers amongst the staff areas Eliminating slogans, targets as well as exhortations in respect of the workforce Eliminating numerical quotas in respect of the workforce as well as numerical management goals Removing the barriers that are robbing individuals of workmanship pride, as well as eliminating the yearly rating or merit process Instituting an extensive education program as well as self-improvement of all individuals Putting everybody in the organization to work to do the accomplishment of the transformation (Ahmad 2014). Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that by taking into consideration Virgin Atlantic Airlines, certain problems relating to the operations management of the organization has been discussed. An explanation has been provided regarding the different processes, and a discussion has been provided in respect of certain operations theory such as Total Quality Management as well as Demings 14 Points. The implementation of the various processes will be done for overcoming the problems associated with making investment in new plant or machinery, problem relating to the location of business premises that includes challenges relating to new quality processes, problems relating to distribution of products or the problems associated with the development of control processes. Recommendation It can be recommended that the operational process can be improved within Virgin Atlantic Airlines through the implementation of certain strategic aspects such as Just-In-Time production strategy, Total Quality Management as well as Demings 14 Points. There will also occur the implementation of various operations strategies as well as operations technologies. These operations strategy are considered being plans in respect of the design as well as management of functions regarding the operational aspects. References Ahmad, M.F., Zakuan, N., Jusoh, A., Yusof, S.M. and Takala, J., 2014. Moderating effect of asean free trade agreement between Total Quality Management and business performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,129, pp.244-249. Calvo-Mora, A., Ruiz-Moreno, C., Picn-Berjoyo, A. and Cauzo-Bottala, L., 2014. Mediation effect of TQM technical factors in excellence management systems.Journal of Business Research,67(5), pp.769-774. Dale, B., 2015.Total quality management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Herzallah, A.M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L. and Munoz Rosas, J.F., 2014. Total quality management practices, competitive strategies and financial performance: the case of the Palestinian industrial SMEs.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(5-6), pp.635-649. Hitt, M.A., Carnes, C.M. and Xu, K., 2016. A current view of resource based theory in operations management: A response to Bromiley and Rau.Journal of Operations Management,41(10), pp.107-109. Hitt, M.A., Xu, K. and Carnes, C.M., 2016. Resource based theory in operations management research.Journal of Operations Management,41, pp.77-94. Jaca, C. and Psomas, E., 2015. Total quality management practices and performance outcomes in Spanish service companies.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(9-10), pp.958-970. Johnson, P.F., 2014.Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Khanam, S., Siddiqui, J. and Talib, F., 2016. Role of information technology in total quality management: a literature review. Mahadevan, B., 2015.Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India. Mehta, N., Verma, P. and Seth, N., 2014. Total quality management implementation in engineering education in India: an interpretive structural modelling approach.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(1-2), pp.124-140. Miranda Silva, G., J. Gomes, P., Filipe Lages, L. and Lopes Pereira, Z., 2014. The role of TQM in strategic product innovation: an empirical assessment.International journal of operations production management,34(10), pp.1307-1337. Oakland, J.S., 2014.Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Ooi, K.B., 2014. TQM: A facilitator to enhance knowledge management? A structural analysis.Expert Systems with Applicati Reason, J., 2016.Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Sabella, A., Kashou, R. and Omran, O., 2014. Quality management practices and their relationship to organizational performance.International Journal of Operations Production Management,34(12), pp.1487-1505. Sallis, E., 2014.Total quality management in education. Routledge. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R., 2013.Operations management. Pearson. Stevenson, W.J. and Sum, C.C., 2015.Operations management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Talib, F. and Rahman, Z., 2015. Identification and prioritization of barriers to total quality management implementation in service industry: an analytic hierarchy process approach.The TQM Journal,27(5), pp.591-615. Talib, F., Rahman, Z. and Qureshi, M.N., 2013. An empirical investigation of relationship between total quality management practices and quality performance in Indian service companies.International journal of quality reliability management,30(3), pp.280-318.

J.C. Watts Essays - Watts, , Term Papers, Research Papers

J.C. Watts Most Untied States Senators have either prior military experience or graduated from Ivy League schools. With this trend how can one of the most powerful senators in congress be from a state university, be African American and only 38? This Senator really does exist; his name is J.C. Watts of Oklahoma State University. While at school. Watts played football and quickly became the schools star quarterback. So how does this average guy become one of the most influential republicans in congress? The answer is simple; through his years of playing football he learned everlasting life lessons. Most people think that football has no life lessons. However it does. It takes a lot of determination to play a sport for 10 years. There are a lot of trials and tribulations that will make you want to quit. Watts shows this learned determination by being one of the youngest, most respected republicans. In 1997 he gave the rebuttal of the State of the Union Address at the age of 35. Football also taught Watts the value of getting along with others. This has helped him to work in congress. He knows to listen to others peoples opinions, voice his own, and to know when to admit he is wrong. It also taught how to work with others to accomplish a personal goal. This is probably the most valuable lesson that anyone could be taught. And because Watt has learned this he has been reelected to his House of Representative seat three times Another lesson football teaches you, is how to lose. You cant always win every time. You have to learn from your mistakes and not repeat them. This is something that Watt does very well. Think about it, he is 38 and is the third most powerful republican. How could he do that by repeating his mistakes or by not learning from them? Every one is human and every one will make some mistakes. As long as you learn not to repeat them or learn from them you will be fine. See, now football goes beyond something to watch on Saturday or Sunday. It teaches the players valuable life lessons that they can be used later in life. It gives them the determination, self-respect, pride, and values to do what they want. A living example of footballs life lesson is J.C. Watts. Political Issues